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YVONNE MCCARTHY ROBERT P. RYAN KAREN O'DONOVAN YONG‐QIANG HE BO‐LE JIANG JIA‐XUN FENG JI‐LIANG TANG J. MAXWELL DOW 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2008,9(6):819-824
Cyclic di‐GMP [(bis‐(3′–5′)‐cyclic di‐guanosine monophosphate)] is an almost ubiquitous second messenger in bacteria that is implicated in the regulation of a range of functions that include developmental transitions, aggregative behaviour, adhesion, biofilm formation and virulence. Comparatively little is known about the mechanism(s) by which cyclic di‐GMP exerts these various regulatory effects. PilZ has been identified as a cyclic di‐GMP binding protein domain; proteins with this domain are involved in regulation of specific cellular processes, including the virulence of animal pathogens. Here we have examined the role of PilZ domain proteins in virulence and the regulation of virulence factor synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot of crucifers. The Xcc genome encodes four proteins (XC0965, XC2249, XC2317 and XC3221) that have a PilZ domain. Mutation of XC0965, XC2249 and XC3221 led to a significant reduction of virulence in Chinese radish. Mutation of XC2249 and XC3221 led to a reduction in motility whereas mutation of XC2249 and XC0965 affected extracellular enzyme production. All mutant strains were unaffected in biofilm formation in vitro. The reduction of virulence following mutation of XC3221 could not be wholly attributed to an effect on motility as mutation of pilA, which abolishes motility, has a lesser effect on virulence. 相似文献
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Feng Chen Yajun Deng Yonghui Dang BO Zhang Haofang Mu Xiaoguang Yu Lin Li Chunxia Yan Teng Chen 《遗传学报》2008,35(4)
We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-Ⅰ and HVS-Ⅱ of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes.Comparing with Anderson sequence,79 polymorphic loci in HVS-Ⅰ and 40 in HVS-Ⅱ were found in Chi-nese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences,and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined.Haplotype diversity and the mean pair-wise differences were 0.9903:±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-Ⅰ,and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-Ⅱ,respectively.By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-Ⅰ,we defined some new types of sequence variations.We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-Ⅰ sequences.According to Rst genetic distances,the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population,the Xi'an Han population,the Chinese Korean,and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade.This indicated a close genetic relationship between them.There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations,Siberian,European,African,and other foreign populations.The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations. 相似文献
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为了研究人的重组促黄体素(r-hLH)对小鼠早期胚胎发育的作用,我们用一定剂量的r-hFSH(人促卵泡素,20IU)结合不同剂量的r-hLH(0-20IU),或先与不同剂量r-hLH配比(5-20IU),再与一定剂量,r-hLH(15IU)结合,对性成熟前的小鼠进行超数排卵;并对从其输卵管冲出的早期胚胎进行体外培养,通过观察这些早期胚胎体外发育情况,再与PMSG-hCG超排小鼠的早期胚胎体外培养结果进行比较。我们发现用重组激素处理的性成熟前小鼠,无论在平均冲胚数或桑囊率,囊胚率上,都以结合r-hLH或配比r-hLH的剂量为15IU时最好,但各重组激素处理组在桑囊率和囊胚率上都极显著低于PMSG-hCG对照组的相应指标。上述结果表明,r-hLH对小鼠早期胚胎的发育(尤其是囊胚的形成)有明显的抑制作用,且与r-hLH呈一定的剂量依赖性关系。 相似文献
107.
Regeneration of plants from callus tissues of hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Alhagi pseudoalhagi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WANG YU MEI JIANG BO WANG DA LUO JING FEN JIA National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Department of Bi 《Cell research》2001,11(4):279-284
INTRoDUCTIONThe hairy root disease is a patholOgical syndromeof dicotyledonous plants fOllowing wounding and in-fection with Agrobacterum rhjZOgenesI1]. The rhi-zogenicity is conferred to p1ant cel1s by a fragmentof DNA (Ri T-DNA), which is transferred from thelarge root--inducting (Ri) plasmid, haJrboured by thebacterium, to the genome, where it is stably inte-grated and expressed. Illtegration of a DNA segment(T-DNA) of pRi into the host genome 1eads to ac-tive proliferation of… 相似文献
108.
中脑导水管周围灰质内注射抗阿片肽血清对神经降压素增强电针镇痛的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本工作以钾离子透入引起大鼠甩尾反应作为痛反应指标,观察纳洛酮(NX)和抗阿片肽血清对大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)内微量注射神经降压素(NT)增强电针镇痛作用的影响。结果显示:(1)PAG内微量注射NT后,大鼠电针镇痛效应明显提高;(2)PAG内注射大剂量NX,可以显著减弱NT增强电针镇痛效应;(3)PAG内微量注射抗甲脑啡肽血清和抗β内啡肽血清后,NT增强电针镇痛的作用明显降低;而PAG内微量注射抗强啡肽A113血清,对于NT增强电针镇痛的作用并无明显影响。提示:PAG内NT在针刺镇痛过程中发挥重要作用,NT增强电针镇痛的作用与甲脑啡肽和β内啡肽有较密切的关系。 相似文献
109.
Estimating total breeding populations (I) for species that exhibit biennial breeding is generally done from counts of individuals that breed in each year (N), but can be complicated by the fact that the proportion of individuals breeding varies from year to year. Partly, this reflects the proportion of individuals that re‐breed in successive years (re‐breeding rate, p), which is largely, although not exclusively, governed by reproductive failure. Here we show that variation in counts of breeding individuals not only reflects changes in total breeding population but can be sensitive to and powerfully driven by variation in p. A simulation of annual field counts of a bird exhibiting biennial breeding was constructed to explore the effect of re‐breeding attempts on estimations of the total breeding population. The model was used to simulate the consequences of adult mortality and different annual patterns of nesting failures on total breeding population estimates, and to explore the consequences of variation in p on N, when total breeding population remains constant. N is shown to be very sensitive to variations in p, so that even short‐term fluctuations in p can cause changes in N that oscillate for many years ahead. We compare our modelled results with real data for Grey‐headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma and demonstrate that, when I is held constant in the model, actual counts may be simulated by variations in p only. Normally, I is unknown and is extrapolated from N on the assumption that N mirrors changes in the size of the total population. Consequently, applying average values of p can result in misleading estimates of total breeding population. We recommend that annual counts of breeding individuals are supplemented with annual estimates of p. Field protocols that aim to estimate annual breeding population size from counts of breeding individuals should be complemented by independent measures of rates of re‐breeding and nest failure. 相似文献
110.
本文报道了产于我国的马鞍菌属Helvella的三个新种及一新组合,它们是亚梭孢马鞍菌H.subfusispora Liu et Cao,太原马鞍菌H·taiyuanensis Liu,Du et Cao中国马鞍菌H.sinensis Liu et Cao以及紫棱柄马鞍菌H.purpurea(Zang)Liu et Cao。并附有我国马鞍菌种的检索表。 相似文献